My Cross Cultural Report On The United States - 1184 Words

I decided to do my cross cultural report on The United States, Washington DC in relations to London England. The topic that I have chosen is Mental Healthcare. I have often witnessed our mental health people in Washington DC and believed enough has not been done in the to rectify this problem especially the youth. First let’s examine The United States Mental healthcare system and then London England. We will discuss the developmental domains of both countries, the laws and practices, attitudes as well as cultural influences. We will also point out some key differences and similarities between the two countries. In 2015, the District had a population of 672,228. In Washington DC the homeless statics are the following. Homelessness in the District, 7,298 persons experiencing homelessness, 544 persons who were unsheltered, i.e. living on the street or places not meant for habitation, 5,085 persons in Emergency Shelters, 1,669 persons in Transitional Housing (665 unaccompan ied individuals and 1,004 people in 363 families). The number of persons experiencing homelessness at decreased by 5.8 percent from 2014. Since the United States cultural influences is based upon individualism the following attitudes have been expressed by various people throughout the DC, MD, VA areas. These human beings were mere growths on the sidewalk, disheartening about seeing each and every one of these individuals being treated like nothing by most people, perception ofShow MoreRelated Cross-Cultural Communication Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesCross-Cultural Communication Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In business, successful communication is the key to success, and being able to relate to a customer is the best form of communication. This is why cross-cultural communication is so important as the business world continues to globalize itself. Unfortunately, â€Å"A lack of awareness about the culturally prescribed rules and norms of communication behaviors can cause public relations projects to fail, or worse, backfire.† (Zaharna, 2001, p.135)Read MoreThe Migration Information Source Website, Jie Zong And Jeanne Batalova946 Words   |  4 PagesJeanne Batalova report about thirteen percent of the U.S population consists of immigrants, (Zong, Batalova). 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Prevention And Intervention Of Bullying Behaviors - 918 Words

a major role in prevention and intervention of bullying behaviors. Studies repeatedly suggest that bullying can be significantly impacted if teachers, students, student groups, administrators, and parents worked together to stop bullying (Mount, 2005). Social services can be useful through afterschool programs, specifically educating youth who might be at a greater risk of bullying and victimization. Social services can also work with parents to discuss parenting styles and attachments. Based on the understanding that attachment problems aren’t necessarily the result of poor parenting, but they can result from stressful experiences that interfere with a parent’s ability to feel positively about his or her child (Englander, 2013). The complex nature of bullying requires the use of evidence-based resource across all age groups. Social services can also provide awareness around the definitions of bullying, and generate discussions on how bullying can affect everybody, and what students can do to eliminate bullying in their school. Bullying in school is not a new issue and the majority of jurisdictions have some policy in place, usually under a broader safe school or anti-violence initiative (Mitchell, 2012). The National Crime Prevention Centre (2008) reports that prevention is always preferable to intervention. There are several promising practices and model programs designed to reduce bullying. Few of these include, Bullying-Proof Your School (BPYS); Olweus BullyingShow MoreRelatedThe School Setting And Bully Prevention Programs1468 Words   |  6 Pages Issues in the School Setting and Bully Prevention Programs A positive school climate is definitely essential to effectively prevent bullying behaviors, thus it is vital for school personnel to understand what constitutes a positive school climate. 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How annual report can be used to understand performance Free Essays

A At he stop of each financial twelvemonth most of the companies make Documents supplying fiscal information such as blance sheets, income and cashflow statements and listing of company operations, calles one-year studies. The information included in the study is compared to the information of old old ages, looking besides at the consequences. This is a criticial portion of the dessision doing procedure of the company for future company tactics and schemes. We will write a custom essay sample on How annual report can be used to understand performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two types of one-year studies depending on their contnents. The first is Annual study to the Securities and Exchange Comission, besides known as signifier 10-k. The 2nd is the stockholder one-year study or corporate one-year study. While the SEC one-year study provides really elaborate fiscal information, the sahreholder reoprt provides more generaized information indicating out the gross revenues and the selling information. To analyze the company ‘s market people should look at the corporate studies, but the user of the information must hold at least basic accounting knowedge, being familiar with company ‘s statements, cognizing where to happen utile information and how to analyze it. Annual studies are created by the direction of the company, so as the direction is responsible for the truth of the information presented in the study. The information is used chiefly by investors to analyze the company ‘s fiscal position and predict future way. To do happ ening information in the one-year studies easier, the one-year studies have similar construction, and include obligatory parts such as Management ‘s treatment and analysis of operating consequences. Annual studies basicly exhibit fiscal and statistical informations, so as to treat public presentation, markets and production. Puting together gross revenues, net incomes and other fiscal constituents for two or more old ages. This so called fiscal high spots have the intent to find the best attack to doing the company ‘s future scheme. However the one-year studies are composed by the direction, which purpose is to show the company in the best manner, overstating some information and suppress other. So every bit good as the one-year study is, it should n’t be the lone beginning of garnering information for the investors to measure the productive and fiscal public presentation of the company. Another major factors for the truth of the information extracted from the one-year study is the ability to destinguish the of import facts and accomplishments of the extractor himself. In order to acquire information from the one-year study foremost must happen 1. All public-treaded companies are required to do one-year studies aviable for the Securities and Exchange Comission ( SEC ) , so to happen there one-year study is a possibility. Although most of the companies send digital coppies of their one-year study via electronic mails to users, or difficult coppies via mailing, normally free of charge. And for imediate obtaining one can ever download digital coppy straight from the company ‘s web site. Naturally the mean one-year study includes: missive to stockholders, Operational Overview ( Management Discussion and Analysis ) , Auditor ‘s study, amalgamate fiscal statements-including balancesheets ; income statements ; cashflow statements, Notes to amalgamate statements and some corporate information-for illustration: Board of managers, officers and stockholder information. In order to garner the needed information one must merely folow the stairss of analyzing the one-year study. First one must look into the last page of the study. It should be written on it: â€Å" Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm † or â€Å" Auditor ‘s Report. † If the one-year study does non hold this subdivision, it is non valid, so the information in it may be non authentical, intending that it is useless. To go on with the study ‘s security review than look into the portion â€Å" Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm † , it should be signed by an active reassuring house, the most celebrated are: Pricewaterhouse Coopers, KPMG, Ernst A ; Young, Deloitte A ; Touche. The house ‘s mark confirms that the study was created utilizing By and large Acepted Acounting Principles ( GAAP ) . Shoping through the study, the following portion coming is the â€Å" Letter to the stockholders † , incorporating summarised information about the company ‘s yesteryear, present and future. That could be utile for more basic determinations, based on more summarized information. Following are Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements, here is most of the neggative onformation about the company. Such as critical partnerships, cases and many other types of hazards that the company has taken. The following phase in analyzing the one-year study is reading the portion titled: â€Å" Management ‘s Discussion And Analysis. † Here all the information normally has the intent to show the company in a good manner, normally written by the PR experts, I ‘m non stating that this information is non valuable, but it may be distorted in some manner, so the reader must hold that one on head. The following portion of the study ca n’t be manupalated, it is called Amalgamate Statements Of Financials. Incorporating merely unsmooth Numberss, it ca n’t be influented. Looking at t he Numberss, the reader makes his ain feeling based on his ain analysis. This portion of the study is divided by three chief parts. Firtst is balance sheet, showing a snapshot of the company ‘s state of affairs, but it may be changed many times from that past minute, so the information that contains may be non true any longer. The 2nd portion is the cashflow statement, demoing the monye flow in the company and it ‘s alteration during certain periods of clip. Very crutial portion of inspecting company ‘s statement, based on the fact that the monyeflow is one of the most of import factors organizing company ‘s position. The 3rd portion is based on the net income / loss dependance here is the most utile analyzis demoing if the house is passing more than it is gaining, howerver, the information may change due to some factors. The study besides includes an analysis of the Consolidated Statements of Financials, which is the undermentioned portion of the study. This analysis is basicly comparing balance sheets, or cashflows for different old ages ( one or more ) sing the tendencies. Tendencies are really utile sing any anticipations made about the company. The longer the period is the better the tendencies are distinged by the reader. The information compared for several old ages is evaluated in percantages, presuming 100 % as the index given in one of the old ages named basal twelvemonth, the other values in the other old ages could be higher or lower and in really rear instances being the same. This shows the existent alteration in the ammount for the different points. Than the sums of the similar points are expressed as a per centum of the basal twelvemonth ‘s ammount and that is how is formed the index or the tendency ratios. In order to susccesfully construe the information, the reader could seek specific information replying sepcific inquiries. For illustration an addition in the stock of the company, could be provoced by altering the whole stock list policy. Increasing in revenue enhancement could be a consequence of really increased gross revenues, but somewhat altering net incomes. Monitoring he fixed assets and the long term debt besides could take to many concealed information about how these assets are being financed. That was the horizontal manner of analyzing Amalgamate Statements of Financials. The perpendicular method is for comparing statements of companies tha differ in size. For illustration in the perpendicular anlysis gross revenues woud be expressed as 100 % and every point in the income statement is expressed as a portion of this percantage. Sing the information that manner, the reader can examin the grounds of increasing the value of the current assets and stock. Sum uping the information given, I must state that analyzing company ‘s market, productive and fiscal public presentation is a long procedure, that requires more attending than it seems. To be the analysis every bit accurate as possible, the reader must detect the smallest item in the figures of the study and the histories. Because the slightest alteration in the tendencies of an facet of the company ‘s position, may be tantamount to a dramatic alteration in future. Reading the study and analyzing the histories is merely non plenty. It is required far more deep inspecting of the informations presented and separating the valuable information, straight related to the topic. Market and productive and fiscal public presentation are influenced by many factors and this is the ground why their analysis is so difficult to accomplish. And that every component of the studies and the histories has it ‘s immense part in this analysis. Following these stairss and passing the cli p required will likely take to an success analyzing the tendencies, that could reply the exact inquiry which response the analyser seeks, and replying that inquiry to construct up an full new scheme and maneuver over the topic. How to cite How annual report can be used to understand performance, Essay examples

Personal Swot Analysis Essay Example

Personal Swot Analysis Essay SWOT Analysis:Evaluate Your 7 Strengths 7 Weaknesses When speaking about a SWOT Analysis, this is a way of doing some serious self-reflecting and figuring out what your internal as well as external strengths and weaknesses are. Think of it as a pro and con list about you! SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. While we are hesitant to use the word â€Å"weakness† as it is very negative, using the word â€Å"shortcomings† doesn’t make as catchy an acronym (SWOS) as SWOT! Here are a few ideas when it comes to constructing your SWOT. Internal Factors Strengths Internal positive aspects that are under control and upon which you may capitalize in planning for a new career. These would include: †¢ Work Experience †¢ Education, including value-added features †¢ Strong technical knowledge within your field (e. g. hardware, software, programming languages) †¢ Specific transferable skills (e. g. , communication, teamwork, l eadership skills) †¢ Personal characteristics (e. g. , strong work ethic, self-discipline, ability to work under pressure, creativity, optimism, or a high level of energy) †¢ Good contacts/successful networking Interaction with professional organizations 7 Weaknesses Internal negative aspects that are under your control and that you may plan to improve. These will include: †¢ Lack of Work Experience †¢ Low GPA, wrong major †¢ Lack of goals, lack of self-knowledge, lack of specific job knowledge †¢ Weak technical knowledge †¢ Weak skills (leadership, interpersonal, communication, teamwork) †¢ Weak job-hunting skills †¢ Negative personal characteristics (e. g. , poor work ethic, lack of discipline, lack of motivation, indecisiveness, shyness, too emotional) External Factors Opportunities Positive external conditions that you do not control but of which you can plan to take advantage. Here are some opportunities to list: †¢ Positive trends in your field that will create more jobs (e. g. , growth, globalization, technological advances) †¢ Opportunities you could have in the field by enhancing your education †¢ Field is particularly in need of your set of skills †¢ Opportunities you could have through greater self-knowledge, more specific job goals †¢ Opportunities for advancement in your field Opportunities for professional development in your field †¢ Career path you’ve chosen provides unique opportunities †¢ Geography †¢ Strong network Threats Negative external conditions that you do not control but the effect of which you may be able to lessen. These include: †¢ Negative trends in your field that diminish jobs (downsizing, obsolescence) †¢ Competition from your cohort of college graduates †¢ Competitors with superior skills, experience, knowledge †¢ Competitors with better job-hunting skills than you †¢ Competitors who went to schools with better reputations. Obstacles in your way (e. g. , lack of the advanced education/training you need to take advantage of opportunities) †¢ Limited advancement in your field, advancement is cut-throat and competitive †¢ Limited professional development in your field, so it’s hard to stay marketable †¢ Companies are not hiring people with your major/degree To further refine the SWOT, here are some other questions to ask about yourself: Strengths: †¢ What are your advantages? †¢ What do you do well? †¢ Why did you decide to enter the field you will enter upon graduation? What were the motivating factors and influences? †¢ Do these factors still represent some of your inherent strengths? †¢ What need do you expect to fill within your organization? We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Swot Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Swot Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Swot Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer †¢ What have been your most notable achievements? †¢ To what do you attribute your success? †¢ How do you measure your success? †¢ What knowledge or expertise will you bring to the company you join that may not have been available to the organization before? †¢ What is your greatest asset? Weaknesses: †¢ What could be improved? †¢ What do you do badly? †¢ What should you avoid? What are your professional weaknesses? †¢ How do they affect your job performance? (These might include weakness in technical skill areas or in leadership or interpersonal skills. ) †¢ Think about your most unpleasant experiences in school or in past jobs and consider whether some aspect of your personal or professional life could be a root cause. Opportunities: †¢ Where are the promising prospects facing you? †¢ What is the state of the art in your particular area of expertise? †¢ Are you doing everything you can to enhance your exposure to this area? What formal training and education can you add to your credentials that might position you appropriately for more opportunities? †¢ Would an MBA or another graduate degree add to your advantage? †¢ How quickly are you likely to advance in your chosen career? †¢ Useful opportunities can come from such things as: ? Changes in technology and markets on both a broad and industry-specific scale ? Changes in government policy related to your field ? Changes in social patterns, population profiles, lifestyle changes, etc. Threats: †¢ What obstacles do you face? Are the requirements for your desired job field changing? †¢ Does changing technology threaten your prospective position? †¢ What is the current trend line for your personal area of expertise? †¢ Could your area of interest be fading in comparison with more emergent fields? †¢ Is your chosen field subject to internal politics that will lead to conflict? †¢ Is there any way to change the politics or to perhaps defuse your involvement in potential disputes? †¢ How might the economy negatively affect your future company and your work group? Will your future company provide enough access to new challenges to keep you sharp and marketable in the event of sudden unemployment? Explore your own self-perception of your strengths, but also put yourself inside a prospective employers head as you consider your strong points. Avoid false modesty, but also be brutally honest and realistic with yourself. Start out by simply making a list of words that describe you; chances are many of these characteristics compromise your strengths. One of your greatest strengths can love the work you do. Learning to follow your bliss should be a critical component of managing your career. Some people know from an early age what kind of work will make them happy. For others, nailing down the self-knowledge that leads to career fulfillment comes from a process of exploring interests, skills, personality, learning style, and values. In assessing your weaknesses, think about what prospective employers might consider to be the areas you could improve upon. Facing your frailties now can give you a huge head start in career planning. As humans, we find it relatively difficult to identify the areas where we are weak. But this assessment helps to identify areas where we may need to improve. If you identify a skill that you know is in your chosen field, but you are weak in that skill area, you need to take steps to improve that skill. Past performance appraisals and even your grades and teacher comments from school provide valuable feedback. Doing a SWOT will not only help to guide you toward a specific career that you will enjoy, it will also give you an idea of how to market yourself so that you can get that dream job that you want. From this analysis, you will have a road map that shows you how to capitalize on your strengths and minimize or eliminate your weaknesses. You should then use this map to take advantage of opportunities and avoid or lessen threats. After youve analyzed your strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities, you should use that information to plan how to market yourself. The marketing planning process entails a three-step process: 1. Determining objectives 2. Developing marketing strategies 3. Strategizing an action program. Objectives — define your career objectives. What is your ideal job upon graduation (or the job you would like to transition to from your current job)? What are some other positions you could accept? What is your five-year career goal? Marketing Strategies — a broad marketing strategy or â€Å"game plan† for attaining your objectives. What are the companies and organizations you’re going to target to obtain your objectives—your ideal job? How will you communicate with these firms? The strategies you identify should utilize all of the resources available to you, such as your personal network and a partnership with a mentor. Action Programs — according to marketing principles, marketing strategies should be turned into specific action programs that answer a number of questions, including: What will be done? When will it be done? Who is responsible for doing it? Your key task here is setting specific timetables and deadlines for getting the career and company information you identified in the marketing strategy step. So now that you’ve identified some key questions to ask when considering a career change, how do you know what the right career field is for you? [pic]

Free Essays on Importance Of Globalization

The Importance of Globalization This report is about Globalization. Globalization can be very prosperous for a country or it could ravage a country’s economic currency. Malaysia’s Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, used the World Bank meeting in Hong Kong to speak out against the evils of Globalization, after Mahathir’s stock and currency were scourged by global and local investors. Dr. Mahathir’s economic stock and currency were ravaged because he did not use his money wisely. He was over borrowing and over building. He built the two largest office buildings in the world, but he lost money from that because there was nobody to rent the space. The KLCI, the Dow Jones of Malaysia, fell forty eight percent in 1997! When U.S. Secretary of Treasury Robert Ruben was talking to Mahathir he referred to Globalization as an electronic herd. â€Å" The electronic herd is often an anonymous stock, bond, currency traders, and multinational investors connected by screens and networks. The herd knows whom it rules. But the rules of the herd are pretty consistent. They are the rules of the golden strait jacket,† said Mr. Ruben. The electronic herd is made up of two groups, the â€Å" short horn cattle † and the â€Å" long horn cattle. † The short horn cattle are all the people who buy stock and sell stock, have bonds and currencies around the world, and who move their money around on a very short - term basis. This includes Merrill Lynch and anyone who has a P.C. and a modem who can trade on line all over the world. The long horn cattle are multinational companies like General Electrics, the IBM’s, and there are many more. Supermarkets have now replaced Superpowers as mega markets. The mega markets are Tokyo, Frankfurt, Sydney, Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Bombay, Sao Paulo, Paris, Zurich, Chicago, London, and New York City. By 1997 twenty–five supermarkets controlled eighty – three percent of t... Free Essays on Importance Of Globalization Free Essays on Importance Of Globalization The Importance of Globalization This report is about Globalization. Globalization can be very prosperous for a country or it could ravage a country’s economic currency. Malaysia’s Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, used the World Bank meeting in Hong Kong to speak out against the evils of Globalization, after Mahathir’s stock and currency were scourged by global and local investors. Dr. Mahathir’s economic stock and currency were ravaged because he did not use his money wisely. He was over borrowing and over building. He built the two largest office buildings in the world, but he lost money from that because there was nobody to rent the space. The KLCI, the Dow Jones of Malaysia, fell forty eight percent in 1997! When U.S. Secretary of Treasury Robert Ruben was talking to Mahathir he referred to Globalization as an electronic herd. â€Å" The electronic herd is often an anonymous stock, bond, currency traders, and multinational investors connected by screens and networks. The herd knows whom it rules. But the rules of the herd are pretty consistent. They are the rules of the golden strait jacket,† said Mr. Ruben. The electronic herd is made up of two groups, the â€Å" short horn cattle † and the â€Å" long horn cattle. † The short horn cattle are all the people who buy stock and sell stock, have bonds and currencies around the world, and who move their money around on a very short - term basis. This includes Merrill Lynch and anyone who has a P.C. and a modem who can trade on line all over the world. The long horn cattle are multinational companies like General Electrics, the IBM’s, and there are many more. Supermarkets have now replaced Superpowers as mega markets. The mega markets are Tokyo, Frankfurt, Sydney, Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Bombay, Sao Paulo, Paris, Zurich, Chicago, London, and New York City. By 1997 twenty–five supermarkets controlled eighty – three percent of t...

5 Most Common Maple Varieties in North America

5 Most Common Maple Varieties in North America Acer  sp. is the  genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as the maples. Maples are classified in a family of their own, the Aceraceae, and  there are approximately 125 species worldwide. The word Acer is derived from a Latin word meaning sharp, and the name refers to the characteristic points on the leaf lobes. The maple tree is the national arboreal emblem of Canada.   There are actually twelve native maples found in North America, but only five are commonly seen across most of the continent. The other seven that occur regionally are black maple, mountain maple, striped maple, bigleaf maple, chalk maple, canyon maple, Rocky Mountain  maple, vine maple, and Florida maple. Your chances of seeing a native maple are good in both the urban landscape and in the forest. With few exceptions (Norway and Japanese maples are exotics) you will find these native maples and their cultivars in profusion. Common North American Maple Species Sugar maple  or Acer saccharum.  The star of eastern North American fall foliage viewing and principle source of maple syrup. It normally grows 80 to 110 feet in height, but 150-foot specimens have been known. Compared to other maples, sugar maples color unevenly in the fall; sometimes yellows, oranges, and reds are all seen at the same time.  Red maple  or Acer rubrum. The most widespread maple in eastern North America and ubiquitous  in both the urban and forest landscape. It normally grows to a mature height of about 50 feet. It is a very popular landscape tree but is considered invasive in some forests, where it crowds out native oaks. The upper side of the leaves is green, with the lower side silverish in color. In older trees, the bark is very dark. Fall color is usually a deep red, though some trees may exhibit orange or yellow.  Silver maple  or Acer  saccharinum.  A fast-growing maple used largely as a shade tree, but with problems. This maple is brittle an d subject to breakage. The roots shallow and can cause property damage. At maturity, it may be 80 feet tall. The underside of the leaves is a soft silver in color; fall color is usually a pale yellow.   Boxelder  or Acer negundo  - The most common maple sp. in mid-western North America, and the only maple with pinnately compound leaves. Boxelder has the largest range of all North American maples. It is a fast-growing but short-lived maple, and in favorable conditions, it may grow as much as 80 feet in height. Leaves turn yellow in the fall.  Bigleaf  or Acer macrophyllum.  Restricted to the Pacific Coast, this tree is the most massive of North American maples. It can grow to be 150 feet tall or more, but more typically tops out at 50 to 65 feet in height. In fall, the leaves turn golden yellow.   General Identification Tips The deciduous leaves on all maples are arranged on stems  opposite  each other. The leaves are simple and palmate shaped on most species, with three or five main veins radiating from the leafstalk. The leafstalks are long and often as long a the leaf itself. The boxelder alone has compound leaves, with multiple leaves radiating from the leafstalk.   Maples have small flowers that are not very showy and form in droopy clusters. The fruit is winged key seeds (called  double  samaras) and develops early in the spring. Very visible are the redbuds and new red stems on red maple. Maples have bark that is generally gray but variable in form. Good identifiers of maples in dormancy are: Crescent-shaped leaf scars with three bundle scarsA terminal bud that is egg-shaped and slightly larger than the lateral buds on the branchStipule scars are absent  Opposite leaf and twigs

Case study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case study Analysis - Essay Example Leadership usually follows a number of theories and practices due to which, the leaders are different from one another. Application of a theory is related to the personality of a leader as he or she adopts a theory after analyzing according to his or her persona. Leaders are highly important persons in an organization and they have a strong impact on the organization and its employees. No one can reject the influence of the leaders, as they are the one who have to lead a certain group in order to help the organization in terms of making income or gaining success (McGovern et al, 2008). The employees working under the leaders are more dedicated to their leaders as compared to the organization because of the convincing style of leadership of the leaders. There are eight leadership theories that can be considered as the most credible and convincing in terms of the concept of leadership in various organizations (Wagner, 2005). Firstly, according to great man theories the qualities of lea dership in some persons are inherent means they born by having leadership skills. Secondly, trait theories are based on that some persons are leaders because they inherit the leadership characteristics. After then, contingency theories are based on that type of leaders, which have an ability to change their style of leading according to the environment (Wagner, 2005). After that, situational theories are based on leaders should have the ability to select best leading style in different situations. After that, behavioural theory is based on that men learn leadership qualities through experience and learning (Wagner, 2005). Afterward, participative theories are based on the leader’s participation and contribution from group members that encourage them to give their 100%. Subsequently management theories (transactional theory) are based on management, organization and group performance (Wagner, 2005). According to management theory, leaders appreciate their subordinates by givin g praise or promotion for their good work and give punishment for their bad work (Wagner, 2005). Afterward, relationship theories (transformational theories) are based on relationship between leaders and followers. These types of leaders motivate their followers by helping them in task, but also have a requirement from the followers to give the all potential in the task (Wagner, 2005). 2.0. Case Study Analysis 2.1. Leadership Paradigms, Leadership Location and Leadership Substitutes at SAP In SAP (Systems, Applications and Products in data processing), the major and main head of the organization is its Chief executive officers (CEOs). The leadership at SAP is much committed and influence people to be a part of the organization. The main vision of sap is to provide software solution and business problems. SAP is a global organization but the head office of SAP is located in Walldrof Germany. SAP is driven by its two major boards, an executive board and an extended management board. S AP has seven layers of management and it is more profitable to have seven layers of management, it also makes it hierarchical. As SAP is managed by its self management teams, there is always a substitute for each of the management. But in case of leadership 2.2. Followers and Retention at SAP All the employees in SAP are very much important for the organization and the company does not discharge the people because of the less knowledge about the new developments and techniques. On the contrary, company tries